Formed Police Unit dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional dan Perlindungan Sipil di Wilayah Konflik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62383/amandemen.v2i3.1139Keywords:
Formed Police Unit (FPU), International Humanitarian Law, Civilian Protection, UN Peacekeeping MissionAbstract
This article examines the role of the Formed Police Unit (FPU) in the perspective of international humanitarian law and international human rights law, particularly in the context of civilian protection in conflict areas. The FPU is an armed police unit deployed in UN peacekeeping missions with a mandate to protect civilians, maintain order, and support post-conflict recovery. Despite its strategic role, the FPU faces legal, operational and socio-cultural challenges. This study uses a normative-juridical approach by analyzing international legal documents, UN operational standards, and academic literature. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the FPU is highly dependent on human rights-based training, clarity of mandate, logistical readiness, and the ability to build trust with local communities. This article recommends strengthening accountability mechanisms and cross-sector integration in peace missions, so that the FPU is able to carry out its protection mandate substantially and in accordance with applicable international legal principles.
Downloads
References
Amnesty International. (2022). Peacekeeping and protection: UN failures in the Central African Republic. https://www.amnesty.org/
Bellamy, A. J., & Hunt, C. T. (2023). The responsibility to protect: A defense. Oxford University Press.
Campaign, Code Blue. (2021). Accountability for UN peacekeepers. https://www.codebluecampaign.com/
DCAF – The Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance. (2022). Community policing in peace operations: A manual for practitioners.
de Coning, C. (2023). Adaptive peace operations: Navigating the complexity of protecting civilians. International Peacekeeping, 30(1), 105–123.
Durch, W., & England, M. (2009). Enhancing United Nations capacity to support post-conflict policing and rule of law. Stimson Center.
Formed Police Units in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. (2020). UN Police Division.
Guidelines on Policing Gender-Based Violence in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. (2021). United Nations Police Division.
Human Rights Watch. (2020). UN: Address peacekeeper abuse, exploitation. https://www.hrw.org
Human Rights Watch. (2023). No justice for victims: Immunity and impunity in peacekeeping operations. https://www.hrw.org
International Committee of the Red Cross. (2015). The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/geneva-conventions/overview-geneva-conventions.htm
International Committee of the Red Cross. (2020). The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols. https://www.icrc.org/
Jennings, K. M. (2011). The role of UN police in protection of civilians. Security in Practice Series (No. 6). Norwegian Institute of International Affairs.
Karlsrud, J. (2015). The UN at war: Examining the consequences of peace-enforcement mandates for the UN peacekeeping operations in the CAR, the DRC and Mali. Third World Quarterly, 36(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.976016
Karlsrud, J., & Smith, A. (2021). Towards an effective UN police force: Challenges and opportunities. Routledge.
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1996.
Melzer, N., International Committee of the Red Cross, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Code Blue Campaign, Office of Internal Oversight Services, United Nations Police Division, United Nations, United Nations General Assembly, & International Court of Justice. (2009). Interpretive guidance on the notion of direct participation in hostilities under IHL (A/RES/60/147). International Committee of the Red Cross. https://www.icrc.org/
Nations, United. (1979). Code of conduct for law enforcement officials.
Nations, United. (1990). Basic principles on the use of force and firearms by law enforcement officials.
Nations, United. (2023). Secretary-General’s annual report on the protection of civilians. https://www.un.org/en/poc
Operations, United Nations Department of Peacekeeping. (2022). Training for Formed Police Units. In UN Core Pre-Deployment Training Materials (CPTM).
Police. (2023). United Nations peacekeeping. https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/police
Rees, M. (2022). Operationalizing the protection of civilians in UN peacekeeping missions. Journal of International Peacekeeping, 26(2), 199–215.
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. (1998).
Sari, A. A. (2023). Kewenangan Bawaslu dalam menangani pelanggaran pemilu pasca penetapan hasil pemilu secara nasional: Telaah Siyasah Syar’iyyah. Jurnal Al-Tayri’iyyah, 3(1), 14–26.
United Nations General Assembly. (2005). 2005 World Summit Outcome Document.
UNPOL. (2023). Strategic guidance framework for international police peacekeeping. https://police.un.org/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu pertahanan, Politik dan Hukum Indonesia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.